Affrontare situazioni difficili in classe

Situazione:

• Unǝ studentǝ fa commenti provocatori o offensivi durante la discussione.

Aspetti da considerare

• Avete concordato un patto di classe/delle regole di base?
• Come potete lasciare che lǝ studentǝ con un simile atteggiamento aggressivo possa esprimersi senza rischiare che alimenti la negatività in classe o offenda lɜ altrɜ studentɜ?
• Lǝ studentǝ è palesemente fuori controllo?
• La discussione di classe si è surriscaldata o è diventata spiacevole?

Strategie utili raccomandate

• Se la vostra disciplina può potenzialmente portare alla discussione di opinioni forti, è bene affrontare questa potenzialità nella prima settimana di lezione in classe e presentare la propria posizione .(Ad es., “La validità della teoria dell’evoluzione non è oggetto di discussione in questa materia. La materia si basa sul riconoscimento della validità di questa teoria e voi dovrete spiegare i contenuti didattici secondo questa prospettiva, a prescindere dalle vostre convinzioni personali.”)
• Se avete concordato delle regole di base, è il momento di farvi riferimento e chiedere allɜ studentɜ di attenersi ad esse. Se non è stato ancora formulato un patto di classe, si raccomanda di invitare la classe a elaborare delle regole di base.
• Individuate un modo per eliminare la componente emotiva nei commenti. (Ad es., “Si tratta di un tema fortemente emotivo per molte persone. Ma cerchiamo di formulare la questione in termini obiettivi. Siete dispostɜ ad affermare che…?” O “Certo, è vero che alcune persone di sentono in questo modo, ma altre no. Facciamo un passo indietro e analizziamo la storia e le ragioni alla base di questo disaccordo.”)
• Se unǝ studentǝ sembra essere fuori controllo, invitatelǝ a uscire un momento dalla classe e a tornare dopo.

Situazione:

• Unǝ studentǝ domina la discussione.

Aspetti da considerare

• Come potete incoraggiare unǝ studentǝ a modificare il proprio atteggiamento senza scoraggiare il resto della classe?

Strategie utili raccomandate

• Parlate con lǝ studentǝ in privato e ringraziatelǝ per il suo contributo in classe. Ditelǝ che vorreste che anche altrǝ potessero contribuire alla discussione come lǝi e che quindi vorreste che si astenesse dal condividere la propria opinione per un po’ per dare loro lo spazio necessario. Lǝ studentǝ potrebbe: aspettare fino a quando non lǝ direte di potere intervenire nuovamente o aspettare che altre 2 o 3 persone condividano la propria opinione prima di riprendere la parola.
• Fate delle domande a persone in specifiche aree della classe : “Può qualcuno della fila centrale, finale, iniziale dirmi …”

Situazione:

• Comportamenti che disturbano la lezione: Studentǝ che bisbigliano/parlano in classe, che giocano con il loro smartphone o che arrivano in ritardo.

Aspetti da considerare

• Quanto disturba la lezione questo comportamento?
• Vi infastidisce?
• Disturba lɜ altrɜ studentɜ?
• Quanto spesso si verifica questo comportamento e quanto dura?
• Quali sono le cause alla sua origine?

Strategie utili raccomandate

• Concentratevi sulle possibili cause. Lɜ studentɜ parlano tra loro perché hanno delle domande a cui non avete il tempo di rispondere? La lezione è sufficientemente varia e stimolante per suscitare l’interesse della classe? Lɜ studentɜ arrivano puntuali alle altre lezioni? Si comportano in modo analogo con altrɜ docenti?
• Includete nel patto di classe una regola sull’uso degli smartphone.
• Se lɜ studentɜ parlano, fate una pausa e rimanete in silenzio fino a quando non smettono.
• Chiedete allɜ studentɜ che parlano se hanno delle domande.
  Se quella di parlare durante la lezione o di arrivare in ritardo è un’abitudine dellɜ studentɜ parlatene con loro in privato.
• Incoraggiate la partecipazione di classe e sviluppate attività che mantengano alto il livello di coinvolgimento in modo piacevole.

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